Dole ne mu rage dumamar duniya

 
Matsayi na duniya na carbon dioxide da zafin jiki na iska yana karuwa kowace shekara sama da matakan masana'antu.
Matsayi na duniya na carbon dioxide da zafin jiki na iska yana karuwa kowace shekara sama da matakan masana'antu.

Duniyarmu tana cikin dumama. Ya kamata a tsammaci wani dumama, saboda fadadawar rana da ƙananan canje-canjen canjin ƙasa. Koyaya, irin waɗannan tasirin za a iya faɗi su kuma ba za su iya yin bayanin dumin da muke samu yanzu ba. Wannan dumin ya bunkasa kamar yadda masana'antar ɗan adam da tafiya suka haɓaka. Ya yi daidai da wani hasashen, wanda masanin kimiyyar Sweden ya yi shekaru 150 da suka gabata, cewa haɓaka wasu gasses na iya haifar da yanayin yanayin zafin duniyar. Za'a iya yin bayani game da hauhawar yanayin zafin jiki na shekaru 70 da suka gabata ta hanyar hauhawar ma'adinan '' griin '', wanda carbon dioxide da methane ne suka fi yawa.

 

Don yanayin kuma?

Shekaru goma sha biyu na yin ritaya a cikin glacier na Briksdal na kasar Norway, wanda ya rufe tafkin shekaru goma da suka gabata. © Mateusz Kurzik / Oleg Kozlov / Shutterstock
Shekaru goma sha biyu na yin ritaya a cikin glacier na Briksdal na kasar Norway, wanda ya rufe tafkin shekaru goma da suka gabata. © Mateusz Kurzik / Oleg Kozlov / Shutterstock

Yunƙurin zafin jiki na ƙasa yana da manyan sakamako biyu. Mafi tasirin hankali shine narkewar kankara a yankuna na polar. Gilashin glaci dake Antarctica da Greenland suna narkewa suna guduwa da sauri. Sun zubar da kankara wanda ya rufe kasa don narkewa a cikin teku kuma don haka suna haɓaka matakan teku a duniya, ta yiwu kusan mita ɗaya a wannan karni. Mafi saurin tasirin shine canjin yanayi, wanda ke da alaƙa da canjin yanayin yanayin teku da yanayin yanayi wanda yanayin zafin teku yake shafar shi. Varin tururuwar ruwa yakan hau zuwa sararin samaniya daga tekuna mai daɗi, kuma sauyin yanayin yanayin yana ba wasu yankuna ruwan sama da guguwa fiye da yadda aka saba. Akasin haka, sauran yankuna suna fuskantar tsawon lokacin bushewa da karancin ruwa mai adana.

Abin da ke faruwa lokacin da canjin yanayi ke canzawa

Ambaliyar a Thailand © Atikan Pornchaprasit / Shutterstock
Ambaliyar a Thailand © Atikan Pornchaprasit / Shutterstock
 

Humanan Adam sun zama babban godiya ga ci gaban aikin gona a cikin shekarun da suka gabata na yanayin tsabta. Koyaya, hauhawar yanayin zafin duniya a yanzu yana barazana ga mutane da dabi'a ta hanyoyi guda hudu: ambaliyar ruwa, wuta, yunwa da cuta. Ambaliyar ruwa ta yi muni ta hauhawan tekuna a wurare marasa galihu da ruwan sama mai ƙarfi wanda ke toshe ƙasa a wani wuri. Dogon lokaci na bushe yanayin sa tsire-tsire zai iya bushewa, sannan kuma a ƙone da wuta-daji. Fari da ambaliyar ruwa suna shafar ciyayi kamar abinci ga mutane da sauran dabbobi, yana haifar da yunwa wanda zai iya yin muni ta ƙarancin ruwan sha. Wadannan tasirin suna kuma sanya tsirrai da dabbobi masu saurin kamuwa da cututtuka masu zafi, wadanda suka yadu zuwa poan sanda a cikin sabon yanayin dumin yanayi.

Gobarar daji a Amurka © ARM / Shutterstock
Gobarar daji a Amurka © ARM / Shutterstock

Matsayin carbon-dioxide yana tashi tare da ƙara ƙona albarkatun mai, ciki har da kwal, mai da gas. Ko da mun dakatar da ƙona waɗannan kuzarin, yawan zafin jiki na yanzu zai ɗauki shekaru da yawa don juya baya. Har ma da haɗari mafi girma shine cewa hauhawar zazzabi ta kai matakin da zai yi wuya sosai a juyawa. Wannan yana sa lalata babbar gandun daji mai tsananin damuwa. Idan sauran asarar itacen daji ya lalace ga gobarar daji da ƙasa zuwa fari, jama'ar karkara dole su motsa. Za a fitar da ƙarin 'yan Adam idan hauhawar matakin teku na taimaka wa mahaukaciyar guguwa don mamaye biranen bakin teku. Shin irin wannan gudun hijira zai iya jawo hankalin duniya gaba daya daga hanyoyin magance canjin yanayi, da kiyaye yanayin da kuma rayuwar mu?

Me za mu iya yi?

Sabbin kayan samar da makamashi na gida a Turai da Afirka © Hecke61 / MrNovel / Shutterstock
Sabbin kayan samar da makamashi na gida a Turai da Afirka © Hecke61 / MrNovel / Shutterstock

Akwai hanyoyin da suka dace da yanayin don taimakawa tekuna, ƙasa da ciyayi don ɗaukar ƙarin carbon. Dasa bishiyoyi sosai a hankali yana haifar da sabon ƙasa, tare da ba da damar adana carbon kamar katako a cikin ginin. Hanyar da za a iya mayar da danshi ta ƙasa ta hanyar maido da yanayin, musamman a cikin ƙasashe, dazuzzuka da aikin noma na zamani, na iya taimakawa sosai. Akwai kuma hanyoyin injiniya. Rashin wutar lantarki da aka samo daga hasken rana da iska na iya maye gurbin burbushin mai don samar da wutar lantarki a gidaje, masana'antu da sufuri, muddin muna iya nemo hanyoyin da za mu adana isasshen kuzari don lokacin sanyi. Northernasashen arewacin suna buƙatar ɗaukar ƙarin tsarin rayuwa mai dorewa, kuma don taimakawa ƙasashen kudu don yin wannan canjin, saboda dukkan mu muna da tsarin duniya iri ɗaya. Duk abin da muke yi, muna bukatar mu hanzarta yin aiki, kafin a kai ga cimma matsaya.