Ukuvikela, ukubuyiselela kanye nokuvuselela izinsizakuphila zasendle

Ukuvikela imvelo

Ngokusebenzisa kwethu umhlaba, ngabe ishintsha kanjani ingcebo yemvelo © Chris Heward/GWCT

Ukuvikelwa nokuphathwa kwezindawo zemvelo nezinqubo zemvelo kubalulekile lapho ingcindezi kwimvelo ibankulu. Izindawo zokukhosela zibalulekile ezintweni eziphilayo esezithanda ukushabalala kwimvelo, ukuze kusetshenziswe zona njengomthamo wokuphemba. Ingcebo yezinto eziphilayo ezitholakala ezindaweni ezisele ezingakathikamezeki ngokwemvelo, ezitholakala kwamanye amazwe asezindaweni ezifudemele, isivele isezingeni eliphezulu futhi ingongiwa ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuvuselelwa. Ngaphandle kwalezizindawo, indawo ekahle yokuvikela izinto eziphilayo kanye nezindawo eziphila kuzo kuwukuqhutshwa kokongiwa kwemvelo, lapho izindawo zokuvikela zisondelene futhi zixhunyaniswe izizinda noma imigudu yemvelo engenako ukusetshenziswa ngabantu kakhulu, kwakheke izindawo zokonga imvelo ezingefani. Uma iziqiwu zokongiwa kwemvelo zifana neziqhingi olwandle olusetshenziswa kakhulu, zibeka engcupheni ukukapaka kokungcola noma ukushabalala kwamanzi kanti futhi ziyehluleka ukuvikela imihlambi yezinto eziphilayo eziyivela kancane. Ukuklanywa kwezindawo zibekelwe umsebenzi wokonga imvelo kuphinde kwenze imiphakathi ibambe iqhaza elikhulu ekulondolozweni kwemvelo okunokuba abantu bakhokhe izimali zokuvakasha kanye nokukhokhela ukungena ezindaweni ezicebile ngokwemvelo. E-Namibia, eNingizimu Afrika kanye naseZimbabwe, umhlaba omningi kanye nemihlambi emikhulu yezilwane zasendle zivikelwe ngaphandle kwamaPaki kahulumeni omkhulu kunangaphakathi kwawo lawo maPaki kahulumeni omkhulu, lokongiwa kwenziwa kakhulu ngokuzingela, okunokuzibuka nje izilwane. Ukuklanywa okunjalo kufanelekile ikakhulukazi ezintweni eziphilayo ezibekezelelwa yimiphakathi eyakhelene nazo okuthi uma kuthe lezozilwane zadala umonakalo uhlawulwe ngezinxephezelo ezivela ekuzingeleni noma ezivela kwezinye izinhlelo zokusetshenziswa kwemvelo. Okukhokhelayo, kuyavikelwa!

Ukuvuselelwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemvelo

Ukuvuselela umhlume osogwini, isithombe © Marco Quesada

Yize sekutholakale ukuvikeleka kwendawo engaba u-15%, emhlabeni wonke jikelele, imvelo esetshenziswa ngabantu iyaqhubeka nokucekeleka phansi kanti nezinto eziphilayo nazo zishabalala ngezinga eliphezulu ngenxa yokudlanga kwezidingo zabantu befuna izinto zokwakha kanye nokudla. Izinkinga ezidalwa ingqalasizinda yabantu, njemigwaqo, amadamu, ukulethelwa ugesi kanye neziphehlagesi zomoya, zingancishiswa uma kungasetshenziswa ulwazi olufanele. Uma ukunyamalala kwendawo efanele yokuhlala izinto eziphilayo kuba yinkinga, ushintso oluncane ekuphathweni komhlaba, okuthi kwesinye isikhathi lusimamise ezolimo, ezamahlathi kanye nezingadi, lungaba nemiphumela emikhulu emihle kwingcebo yemvelo. Izidleke ezakhiwe ngamabhokisi, izindawo zokugcinwa kwamabhungane, izindawo ezivikele izindawo zokongiwa kwemvelo kanye nezindlela zokusetshenziswa komhlaba ezahlukahlukene, kuyizibonelo ezinhle. Usemuningi kakhulu umsebenzi osadingeka kuloluhlelo loku 'buyisana nemvelo' kanye nohlelo olungenangqinamba lokufakwa kwalo ngaphansi kokuphathwa kwezwe (okufake nokuphathwa kwamadolobha), nezingqalasizinda.

Uma isivumo sokudla kwasendle sehluka emazingeni akahle edlule, ikakhulukazi inyama edayiswa ezimakethe emadolobheni asadlondlobala, kubalulekile ukuvumelana nemiphakathi ngezindlela zokuvikela imvelo, ngokuhambisana nezindlela zesayensi yanamuhla kanye nolwazi lwendabuko. Ukwamukelwa okubanzi kokulondolozwa kwemvelo kubanjiswene nemiphakathi sekuye kwaba nokuphikiswa yizinhlangano ebezingathandi ukudlulisela isibopho sokuphathwa kwemvelo ukuba sehlele ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu ('okuyindlela yokuphathwa kwemvelo'), nangokukholelwa ukuthi kungcono ukuba intuthuko iphikiswe okunokuba kusetshenziswe izindlela zokuphatha kanye nezindlela zokuvuselela imvelo ukunxephezela imithelela yabantu. Yize noma ukuvuselelwa kwemvelo sekuvezwe kabanzi emaswini asemthethweni, ukusetshenziswa kwalawomasu akukuhle neze. Ohulumeni nezinye izinhlaka kudingeka babambisane kangcono ekuvuseleleni imvelo, imiphakathi yasendaweni kanye nemiphakathi yabo bonke abanentshisekelo ekuphathweni kwezwe kanye nasekuvikelweni kwezinto eziphilayo zasendle. Imiphakathi enentshisekelo ingaba nezindima ezikhethekile, njengalapho abathandi bezinyoni ezidla ezinye bencoma ukwakhiwa kwezintambo zagesi ezingenabungozi ezinyonini, kanye nabathandi bezinyoni abaphakamisa ukwakhiwa kwamapulazi okuphehlwa kwagesi ngomoya, okuphephile.

Udlelwanomvelo lwasemadolobheni (i.e. imvelo nokuxhumana kwayo, kwazemadolobheni)

Ukwehlukahlukana kwezimila kukhuthaza ukubakhona kwezilwane ezahlukahlukene © Jamesteohart/Shutterstock

Ukulondolozwa nokuvuselelwa kwengcebo yemvelo akumele kubandakanye kuphela izindawo zasemakhaya kepha nezasemadolobheni ngoba wonke umuntu uncike kwimvelo ukuthola ukudla, amanzi ahlanzekile, umoya ophefumulekayo kanye nesimo esizinzile. Izingadi, amapaki, 'amaphaphu emvelo' kanye 'nemigexo ye-emerald' ukuvimba ukusabalala kwamadolobha konke kungaletha izinzuzo ezinqala ngoba ukuphathwa kwezinsizakuphila zabantu kanye nezinye izinto eziphilayo kudingeka yonke indawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abahlala emadolobheni bavame ukubuyela emaphandleni futhi badinga ukuqonda ukuphathwa kwemvelo uma bezozuzisa imiphakathi yasemakhaya.