Ukuxazulula izinkinga

Ezombusazwe ezizothile zincono ngodlame, njengoba nezinsizakuphila zasendle zizuza ngokuguquka kancane kancane kwemingcele yendawo ezitholakala kuyo

Ispiliyoni singabafundisa abantu ukuthi intando yeningi iyindlela engcono yokubusa kunengcindezelo, bese kugwenywa osopolitiki abagqugquzela ukungqubuzana noma abawogombelakwesakhe ngakwezomnotho noma abangawazisisi umsebenzi wabo; kanjalo nabantu kufanele bafunde ngendlela engcono yokulondoloza ingcebo yemvelo. Njenga kuzo zonke izindaba zabantu, ukubonisana nokubekezelelana kungasebenza kangcono kunokwenzelela kuze kweqe. Njengoba ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba manje isilawulwa ngabantu ngandlela ethile, ingcebo yemvelo isibonakala sengathi izophila kangcono kakhulu uma izinzuzo zayo zithakaselwa kakhulu ngabantu, hhay njengokudla izimila nokubuka amafilimu emvelo kuphela kepha nangokubekezelela ukuphilisana nezinye izilwane futhi, kuthi nalapho kuvuma khona, siphilisane nemvelo njengazo. Kubukeka futhi kuwukuhlakanipha kubantu ukuqonda ukuthi kungaba yinkinga kangakanani, emphakathini nakuyo imvelo, ukuphatha ingcebo yemvelo ngasikhathi sinye nokutshala izitshalo. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kokukwazi ukuphatha izinto ezimbili ngasikhathi-sinye kudinga ukusatshalaliselwa nakweminye imiphakathi yakwezinye izindawo.

Izinto eziphilayo ezingamukelekile

Abazingeli baseYurophu bangaqhamuka nohlelo lokusiza uhulumeni

Izinto eziphilayo ziyalethwa endaweni lapho zazingekho khona ngokwendalo, lokhu kuyenzeka mhlampe ngenhloso okanye ngephutha. Izinto zokufika endaweni, kuba nzima ukuzilawula ikakhulukazi uma sezanda ngokushesha, futhi zanda buthuli (isibonelo, izinto eziphilayo ezihlala emanzini, okubala nezimila). Uma izinto zokufika zikhinyabeza udlelwanomvelo (imvelo nokuxhumana kwayo), lwakuleyondawo, kufanele zisuswe. Ubungoti nobunzulu bokwenza lokhu sebuthuthuke kakhulu e-Oceania. Izakhamuzi zakuleyandawo, ikakhulukazi abazingeli nabadobi, bayakhona ukunikela ngesikhathi sabo sokuphosa iso elibukhali ezintweni zokufika kanye nokuhleleka nje endaweni, okuyinto ebalulekile emikhankansweni yokususwa kwezinto zokufika ezingadingeki.

Ukuphathwa kwezilwane ezidla ezinye kanye nalezo eziwuhlupho

Kokunye kuba nzima ukuvimba amagundwane angafinyeleli ezindaweni zokugcina ukudla © Torook/Shutterstock

Imikhawulo efanayo nebekelwa abantu iyasebenza futhi nasekuphathweni kwezilwane ezidla ezinye kanye nasezinambuzaneni. Ukuphatha kuyadingeka ngesinye isikhathi ukuze kuvikeleke izimpilo zabantu kanye nempahla, kanye nezinsizakuphila ezidingwa ngabantu ezitholakala kwimvelo lapho abantu bencintisana nezinye izinto eziphilayo ekudleni izitshalo noma ekusebenziseni izilwane zasendle ngendlela esimeme ukuze zingashabalali. Imiphakathi eminingi emhlabeni wonke jikelele isaqhubeka nokusebenzisa izindlela zendabuko zokuphatha ingcebo yemvelo, ngokubekezelela izilwane eziwuhlupho kanye nokubandakanya amasiko avumela ukuba ziqhubeke nokuphila lezozilwane eziwuhlupho. Kwezinye izindawo, ushintsho noma izinguquko kungaphazamisa imvelo igcine isisimamisa kakhulu izilwane ezidla izinhlobo eziningi zezinye iziilwane, okufaka engcupheni yokushabalala izilwane ezingandile kakhulu ezifana nalezo ezakha izidleke zazo emhlabathini, ngaphandle ke uma kukhona imizamo eyenziwayo ukunciphisa ukudliwa kwazo. Ngisho nalapho izinhlobo ezithile zezinto eziphilayo zingabekezeleki khona, indlela yokuphatha evame ukwamukeleka, kuba yileyo eqhakambisa izizathu zobuntu kanye nezomnotho ukuze kungabandakanywa futhi kunqadwe izilwane ezidla ezinye nezinambuzane. Enye indlela, ngaphezu kwale yokwehlisa ubuningi bezilwane ezidla ezinye kanye nezinambuzane, ivame ukuheha impikiswano kulabo abathanda ukubeka phambili ukuvikela isilwane ngasinye. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi noma iyiphi indlela yokuphatha ibe ichukume kwisayensi enzulu kanye nokongiwa okuthize kugcinwe, isibonelo nje ukuklanywa kwendawo ezosetshenziselwa ukonga izilwane lezo ezikhathalelwe ukuze ibe sezindaweni ezingeke zibe wuhlupho kuzo lezozilwane. Ukususwa kwasani kohlobo oluthile lwesilwane (ngaphandle kwamagciwane), ngokuvamile akwamukelekile emiphakathini yanamuhla. Kodwa-ke, ukubuyela kwesilwane endaweni esasesishabalele kuyo, sibe sizibuyela sona ngokwemvelo, noma sibuyiswe ngabantu, kuvame ukudala isidingo sokukwengamela umhlambi waso uma sesanda.

Izixazululo ezixhumeke kwimvelo

Ukwenza ngcono ukuxhumana kwengcebo yemvelo yamahlathi kanye nokuvikelwa kwezikhukhula, ukuphephisa izindawo zokuhlala zabantu ezikhulayo © IUCN.

Izixazululo ezisuselwa kwimvelo ziyiyona ndlela yokulondoloza, ukuphatha ngendlela esimeme nokuvuselela imvelo kanye nemvelo esiguquliwe ngezindlela ezinikeza abantu inhlalakahle nezinzuzo zezinto eziphilayo. Isibonelo, izindleko zokuvuselela amaxhaphozi nokusebenza kwawo ngendlela esesimeni, ezinhle, zingabiza ngaphansi kwemali engadingeka ukuhlanza amanzi aphuma ezindaweni zemvelo esezikhandlekile, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa imivuzo efana nenzuzo etholakala kwezokuzithokozisa ezenzeka ezindaweni ezivuseleliwe. Izixazululo zingahluka ngobukhulu kusukele kwezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezidinga isikhathi eside, njengezindima ezahlukene zokuvuselelwa kwehlathi ukuze ligcine i-carbon liphinde linciphise izikhukhula, kuye kwizixazululo ezincane kakhulu futhi ezidinga isikhathi esincane, njengokutshalwa kohlaza (okanye izimila) zitshalwe zibe yimiqga eduze kwezitshalo ukuze uhlaza luhehe izinambuzane ezidla lezozinambuzane ezidla izitshalo. Izixazululo zibandakanya izindlela ezizuzisa imvelo okunokuba zizuzise uhlobo oluthile lwento ephilayo okanye umhlambi wayo leyonto ephilayo. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa ama-nematode ukubulala iminenke, okunokusebenzisa ushevu oyingozi obulala iminenke, akuvikeli kuphela izilwane ezidla iminenke, kodwa kuvikela nokungcoliseka kwamanzi okungabangela izinkampani ezihlanza amanzi izindleko ezinkulu.